What is the main disadvantage of using a built-in flash in photography?

Using a built-in flash in photography can create a harsh shadow effect, which is the main disadvantage. When the flash is positioned on the camera, it illuminates the subject directly and often from a very close angle. This direct lighting can lead to unflattering shadows that appear sharply defined, especially on the subject's face. Harsh shadows can detract from the overall quality of the photograph by emphasizing imperfections and creating an unnatural look.

Additionally, because the light from a built-in flash is usually very harsh and comes from an unnatural direction, it can result in uneven lighting across the scene. This can lead to a less aesthetically pleasing image compared to using external flashes or diffusers that provide a softer, more diffuse light.

The other options, while containing elements of truth, do not capture the primary issue as effectively. For instance, while built-in flashes can sometimes create too much light, they typically function within a range that is manageable for most indoor photography. Similarly, while built-in flashes may not have the power of larger external units, they are often sufficient for the types of close-range shots for which they are intended. The ease of operation regarding turning off a built-in flash also does not substantially affect its usability. Overall, the harsh shadow effect