What effect does high dynamic range (HDR) photography achieve?

High dynamic range (HDR) photography primarily achieves its effect by combining multiple exposures taken at different exposure levels. This technique allows for the capturing of a greater range of tones and details in both the highlights and shadows of an image than a single exposure could provide. By merging these varied exposures, HDR can create a more balanced photograph that retains details in areas that might otherwise be too bright or too dark, effectively representing a wider dynamic range that more closely resembles what the human eye can perceive in a given scene.

This method is particularly useful in high-contrast environments, such as landscapes where the sky and ground have vastly different lighting conditions. The result is an image that is rich in detail and texture, making it visually dynamic and appealing.