What does 'composition' refer to in photography?

Composition in photography refers to the arrangement and placement of elements within the frame, which plays a crucial role in creating an engaging and visually appealing image. This involves considering factors such as balance, symmetry, leading lines, the rule of thirds, and the overall visual flow of the photograph. Effective composition guides the viewer's eye and emphasizes the main subject while creating a sense of harmony or tension, depending on the intended outcome of the photograph.

In contrast, the technical settings of the camera encompass aspects such as aperture, shutter speed, and ISO, which are essential for correct exposure and image quality but do not determine how the various elements are arranged in the photo. The type of film used primarily relates to traditional film photography and its characteristics, which influence the overall look and feel of an image but are distinct from composition. Finally, while lighting conditions are vital to the mood and visibility of a photograph, they do not directly address how elements are arranged within the frame. Therefore, the concept of composition is centered on the strategic placement of visual components to create a compelling photograph.