How does using a lower f-stop number affect a photograph?

Using a lower f-stop number results in a larger aperture. This is because the f-stop scale is inversely related to the size of the aperture: a smaller f-stop number like f/2.8 means the aperture opens wider, allowing more light to enter the camera. This increased light can help in low-light situations and create a softer background blur, enhancing the subject of the photograph by isolating it.

In addition, a larger aperture has implications for other aspects of the photograph, such as allowing for faster shutter speeds in well-lit conditions, which can reduce motion blur. While this might also create the potential for a shallower depth of field, the key takeaway is that a lower f-stop directly correlates with a larger aperture opening.